Introduction

There are two types of buffers involved in the VOTER/RTCM.

In both the receive and transmit cases, the buffer length is a fixed value. This will 'hard-set the delay time between actual reception and presentation time to the Asterisk channel (in the case of receive), and presentation from the Asterisk channel and actual transmission (in the case of transmit).

Since the overall system time delay (the amount of time between reception and re-transmission of the signal) is determined as the sum of the receiver buffer length, the (very minimal) latency within app_rpt/Asterisk and the Transmit buffer length, it is very necessary to keep these settings to a reasonable minimum (without sacrificing packet consistency/integrity by making it too short based upon network latency/jitter).

In other words, if you listen to yourself on the output of your repeater (through headphones, on another radio) as you transmit in to the receiver, your audio will be delayed by the amount configured in the buffer settings (as summarized above). So, the larger you make the buffers, the longer the repeat delay will be. Hence, keeping the buffers tuned to a reasonably low level will reduce the repeat delay.

Transmit Buffer

This buffer is the TX Buffer Length parameter located on each VOTER/RTCM.

This buffer stores audio from the host to each transmitter, queuing it before sending it out over the air. Note: the Simulcast Launch Delay is additionally added to the TX Buffer Length to allow fine-tuning of each transmitters launch delay.

This buffer has a value (length) of samples. It is not a time value! So, with 8000 samples per second, 8 samples = 1 millisecond. Each sample is 125uSec.

Receive Buffer

This buffer is the buflen parameter in voter.conf.

This buffer is a common buffer for all clients. It determines how much audio to buffer from the clients to Asterisk. It must be larger than the longest network delay from the worst client, plus padding (40-100mS is a good start), to ensure that audio will arrive at the host from all clients to be voted on.

This buffer has a value (length) of milliseconds. The default is 500 milliseconds, and that is what the value will be set to, if it is not specified in voter.conf. That should cover all worse-case scenarios... and is going to typically be way to big. You should tune this!

Setting Voter Buffers

In order to properly set the buffers, you need to quantify the latency between your host (master) site, and all the clients. That is why it is desirable to keep as much of the network between the host and the clients in your control as possible, so that you can control the latency. If you have your buffers tuned "on the edge", and the latency between some of your clients increases unexpectedly, that is going to impact your system performance.

Voter ping is useful for end-to-end network evaluation when ICMP ping is turned off and/or the RTCM is behind a firewall and is not ICMP reachable. It can also help with finding the correct RTCM and voter.conf buffer settings. voter ping is an Asterisk console command, so you will need to be logged in to your host.

Voter Ping Usage

The voter ping asterisk CLI syntax is:

*CLI>voter ping nameOfClient [packetCount]

If packetCount is not specified 8 pings will be sent. Use packetCount of 0 to stop an in progress voter ping. Set packetCount to at least 100 when evaluating link quality.

The result will be similar to:

 ...
 PING (nameOfClient): Packets tx: 100, rx: 100, oos: 0, Avg.: 26.710 ms
 PING (nameOfClient):  Worst: 38 ms, Best: 22 ms, 100.0% Packets successfully received (0.0% loss)

The output above is self evident except for oos which is a count of out of sequence packets. Voter ping requires RTCM firmware 1.23 or newer and chan_voter 2013-08-04 or newer.

RX Buffer Size

Ping all the receiver sites and look for the worst response of the worst client. As a rough rule of thumb the buflen setting in voter.conf should be set to the worst response + 40ms or 120, whichever is greater. Using the above case, the buflen should be set to 120 (38 + 40 = 78 which is less than the minimum of 120, so use 120mS).

The 40mS is padding to account for buffer ingress/egress.

TX Buffer Size

Ping all the transmitter sites and look for the worst response of the worst client. The RTCM TX Buffer Length should be set to (worst response + 40ms) * 8 or 480 whichever is greater. Using the above case, the RTCM TX Buffer Length should be set to 624 ((38 + 40) * 8).

The 40mS is padding to account for buffer ingress/egress.

Assumptions

The minimum TX Buffer Length is 480 (60mS) and the minimum RX buffer (buflen) is 120mS. These were derived by testing on a LAN segment with chan_voter 2013-08-04 and RTCM 1.26.
The ping times are in fact round trip times. Therefore the worst response could (should?) be divided by 2. ie. RX buffer (buflen) = (38/2)+40=59 and TX Buffer Length = ((38/2) + 40) * 8 = 472. Minimums still apply, however.
The internet path to and from the RTCM under test is symmetrical.
The added 40mS pad is an estimate of buffer ingress and egress.

As always, your mileage may vary. Some trial and error may be required to find the optimum settings.

Related Pages

Documentation on the VOTER/RTCM is extensive, and as such, has been split across multiple pages. They are usually linked, where appropriate, throughout the content. However, here are all the related pages that are available:

VOTER-Buffers

Contents